5 Best Things to do in Varanasi to create Memories

Varanasi, also known as Banaras or Kashi, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and is located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is considered one of the holiest cities in Hinduism and is also significant in Buddhism and Jainism.

1. Attend the Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat

Attending the Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat in Varanasi is one of the most spiritually uplifting and culturally enriching experiences you can have in India. The Ganga Aarti is a grand and mesmerizing ritual every evening on the banks of the sacred Ganges River.

What is the Ganga Aarti?

The Ganga Aarti is a Hindu ritual performed to honor and worship the river Ganges, which is considered a goddess in Hinduism. The aarti involves offering light (usually from lamps) to the river while chanting hymns and prayers. It is a deeply symbolic ceremony, representing the removal of darkness (ignorance) and the welcoming of light (knowledge).

Dashashwamedh Ghat: The Prime Location

Dashashwamedh Ghat is the most famous and centrally located ghat in Varanasi. According to legend, it was created by Lord Brahma to welcome Lord Shiva. The ghat is always bustling with activity, but it truly comes alive in the evening during the Ganga Aarti.

What to Expect at the Aarti?

• Timing: The aarti usually starts around 6:30 to 7:00 PM, depending on the season. It’s best to arrive at least 30 minutes early to find a good spot, as the ghat gets crowded with both locals and tourists.
• The Ritual: The aarti is performed by a group of young priests (pandits) dressed in saffron robes. They stand on a raised platform facing the river, holding large brass lamps with multiple tiers of flames. The ceremony starts with the blowing of conch shells, followed by the chanting of mantras, ringing of bells, and synchronized movements of the priests as they wave the lamps in intricate patterns.
• Music and Chants: The atmosphere is filled with the sounds of devotional songs, the rhythmic clapping of hands, and the chiming of bells. The combination of light, sound, and the smell of incense creates an overwhelming spiritual ambiance.
• Offerings: Many devotees offer flowers, diyas (small oil lamps), and incense to the river. You can also light a diya and set it afloat on the Ganges, which is believed to carry your prayers and wishes.
• Boat View: For an even more magical experience, you can watch the aarti from a boat on the Ganges. This gives you a panoramic view of the ghat and the aarti ceremony from the water, adding to the spiritual atmosphere.

How to Attend the Aarti?

1. Reach Early: Dashashwamedh Ghat is crowded during the aarti, so arriving early is crucial to securing a good spot, especially if you want a front-row view.
2. Boat Ride: If you prefer a more relaxed and unique view, consider hiring a boat. Boatmen usually offer rides that coincide with the aarti, allowing you to watch the entire ceremony from the river.
3. Respect the Ritual: While it’s a beautiful experience, it’s important to be respectful. Maintain silence, avoid pushing or jostling, and refrain from using flash photography during the ceremony.
4. Safety and Security: Keep an eye on your belongings, as the ghat can get quite crowded. It’s generally safe, but it’s always good to be cautious in large gatherings.
5. Dress Modestly: Since it’s a religious ceremony, dressing modestly is recommended. Given the evening crowd and warm weather, light, comfortable clothing is ideal.

Post-Aarti Experience

After the aarti, you can take a stroll along the ghats, enjoy some local street food, or explore the narrow lanes of Varanasi, which are filled with shops selling religious items, silk, and souvenirs. The entire area around Dashashwamedh Ghat is vibrant and alive with energy, offering a true glimpse into the soul of Varanasi.

2. Take a Boat Ride on the Ganges

Taking a boat ride on the Ganges River in Varanasi is a quintessential experience that offers a unique perspective on the city’s ancient ghats, temples, and daily life along the river. Here’s a detailed guide on what to expect and how to make the most of this experience:

Overview of the Boat Ride

• Timing: The best times for a boat ride on the Ganges are at sunrise and sunset. Both times offer different yet equally enchanting experiences.
  • Sunrise: The early morning boat ride is particularly magical as the city awakens. The soft light of dawn creates a serene atmosphere, and the ghats come to life with morning rituals, bathing, and prayers.
  • Sunset: An evening ride offers a beautiful view of the sun setting behind the ghats, followed by the Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat. The river glows with the light of oil lamps, creating a mesmerizing scene.

Booking a Boat Ride

• Types of Boats:
  • Rowboats: Traditional wooden rowboats are the most common and authentic way to experience the Ganges. These are manually operated by a boatman, offering a slow and peaceful journey.
  • Motorboats: For those short on time, motorboats are available. They can cover more distance quickly but may lack the serene experience of a rowboat.
• Where to Book: Boats can be booked directly at the ghats, particularly at Dashashwamedh Ghat, Assi Ghat, and Manikarnika Ghat. You can negotiate the price with the boatmen. Hotels and local tour operators also offer pre-booked boat rides, often with guides who provide insights into the sites along the river.

During the Boat Ride

• Ghats to Explore: Varanasi has more than 80 ghats, each with its history and significance. Some of the key ghats to observe during the boat ride include:
  • Dashashwamedh Ghat: The busiest and most prominent ghat, known for the Ganga Aarti.
  • Manikarnika Ghat: The main cremation ghat, where Hindu cremation rituals are performed continuously. Witnessing this from the river offers a glimpse into the city’s deep spiritual beliefs about life and death.
  • Assi Ghat: A more peaceful ghat, popular among locals and visitors for yoga, meditation, and the morning aarti.
  • Harishchandra Ghat: Another cremation ghat, with an ancient significance, said to be as sacred as Manikarnika Ghat.
  • Scindia Ghat: Known for its partially submerged Shiva temple, it offers a picturesque view, especially in the early morning.
• Rituals and Daily Life: As you glide along the river, you’ll observe a variety of activities:
  • Morning Prayers and Bathing: Devotees take a holy dip in the Ganges, believing it to cleanse their sins. You’ll see people performing rituals, offering flowers, and chanting prayers.
  • Cremation Ceremonies: Viewing cremations from the river at Manikarnika or Harishchandra Ghat can be a profound experience, showcasing the city’s unique approach to death and the afterlife.
  • Temple Bells and Chants: The sound of temple bells, chanting of mantras, and the sight of priests performing rituals create an immersive spiritual atmosphere.

Tips for a Memorable Boat Ride

• Arrive Early: For a sunrise ride, arrive at the ghats before dawn to secure a boat and witness the city waking up. For the evening ride, reach the ghats well before sunset.
• Dress Appropriately: Dress modestly, respecting the local customs, especially when visiting the ghats where religious activities are performed.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry water with you, especially during the morning ride, as it can get warm once the sun rises.
• Engage with the Boatman: Many boatmen are knowledgeable about the history and significance of the ghats. Engaging with them can enhance your experience with local stories and insights.
• Safety: While the boat ride is generally safe, it’s advisable to wear a life jacket, especially if you are not a confident swimmer. Ensure that the boat is in good condition before setting out.

• A sunrise or sunset boat ride along the Ganges offers stunning views of the ghats, temples, and daily life in Varanasi. Early morning rides are particularly magical, with the city waking up and the first rays of sunlight hitting the river.

3. Explore the Ghats

Exploring the ghats of Varanasi is a profound and immersive experience that offers a deep insight into the city’s spiritual, cultural, and everyday life. The ghats, which are essentially steps leading down to the River Ganges, are the focal points of the city’s religious activities, rituals, and even daily routines. Here’s a guide to some of the most significant ghats and what to expect during your exploration:

Introduction to the Ghats

• Number and Significance: Varanasi has over 80 ghats, each with its history, significance, and unique atmosphere. The ghats are used for various purposes, including bathing, religious rituals, cremation, and festivals.
• Architecture and Layout: Most ghats are characterized by long flights of stone steps, leading from the city down to the river. Many are flanked by temples, shrines, and palaces built by kings and noble families.

Key Ghats to Explore

1. Dashashwamedh Ghat
   • Importance: This is the most famous and busiest ghat in Varanasi. It is believed to be the place where Lord Brahma performed the “Dashashwamedh Yajna” (sacrifice of ten horses), giving it its name.
   • Activities: The ghat is best known for the evening Ganga Aarti, a grand ritual performed daily with great devotion. During the day, it is a hub of activity with priests offering prayers, pilgrims taking holy dips, and boatmen offering rides.
   • Experience: Visit in the evening to witness the Ganga Aarti, which is a must-see spiritual ceremony. The energy, lights, and chants make it an unforgettable experience.
2. Manikarnika Ghat
   • Importance: Manikarnika is the main cremation ghat in Varanasi and one of the oldest ghats. It is believed that those cremated here attain moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).
   • Activities: Cremation pyres burn continuously, day and night, with bodies being brought to the ghat from across the city. The ghat also has the sacred Manikarnika Kund (a holy well) and is associated with several legends.
   • Experience: Witnessing the cremation rituals can be a sobering and profound experience, offering insight into the Hindu beliefs about death and the afterlife. Visitors are advised to be respectful and discreet.
3. Assi Ghat
   • Importance: Located at the southernmost end of the city, Assi Ghat is popular among both locals and tourists. It is where the Assi River meets the Ganges.
   • Activities: This ghat is less crowded than others, making it ideal for a peaceful experience. It is a center for morning yoga sessions, religious ceremonies, and cultural activities. The morning Aarti at Assi Ghat is a calmer alternative to the one at Dashashwamedh.
   • Experience: Visit in the morning to enjoy the tranquility, join a yoga session, or simply take in the serene atmosphere as the sun rises.
4. Harishchandra Ghat
   • Importance: Like Manikarnika, Harishchandra Ghat is also used for cremation rituals. It is named after King Harishchandra, who is believed to have worked at the cremation ground and upheld truth and dharma.
   • Activities: The ghat sees regular cremation ceremonies, with priests conducting last rites. The atmosphere is similar to that of Manikarnika Ghat, though less crowded.
   • Experience: This ghat offers a quieter experience of the cremation rituals, allowing for a more reflective visit.
5. Scindia Ghat
   • Importance: Scindia Ghat is known for its partially submerged Shiva temple, which leads into the river. It is named after the Scindia family, who built it.
   • Activities: The ghat is less frequented by crowds, making it a peaceful place for contemplation. The submerged temple adds to its mystical charm.
   • Experience: Explore this ghat for a quieter, more meditative experience. The sight of the temple partially underwater is particularly striking during the monsoon season.
6. Tulsi Ghat
   • Importance: Named after the famous poet-saint Tulsidas, who is believed to have composed the Ramcharitmanas here, Tulsi Ghat is associated with literary and cultural significance.
   • Activities: This ghat is often used for cultural performances, including recitations of Tulsidas’s works and other devotional songs. It is also a hub for wrestling and other traditional sports.
   • Experience: Visit during a cultural event or performance to appreciate the literary and artistic heritage of Varanasi.
7. Panchganga Ghat
   • Importance: This ghat is believed to be the meeting point of five sacred rivers (Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Kirana, and Dhutapapa). It is considered highly auspicious and is home to several important temples and shrines.
   • Activities: The ghat is known for its calm atmosphere, making it a good spot for meditation and prayer. The Alamgir Mosque, built by Aurangzeb, overlooks the ghat and offers a blend of Hindu and Islamic architecture.
   • Experience: Explore the temples and the mosque, and enjoy the peaceful surroundings. It’s a great place for those interested in history and architecture.

Cultural and Ritualistic Significance

• Ritual Bathing: Many pilgrims visit the ghats to take a holy dip in the Ganges, believing it purifies them from sins. You can observe these rituals, which are a daily part of life for many Hindus.
• Offerings and Pujas: Priests perform various rituals and pujas (prayers) for individuals and families. You can participate in these rituals or simply observe the proceedings.
• Festivals: The ghats come alive during festivals like Dev Deepawali when they are illuminated with thousands of oil lamps, and Makar Sankranti when pilgrims gather for special prayers and baths.

4. Visit Kashi Vishwanath Temple

Visiting the Kashi Vishwanath Temple is one of the most significant and spiritually enriching experiences in Varanasi. The temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, which are considered the holiest of Shiva temples. Here’s a detailed guide on what to expect and how to make the most of your visit:

Overview of Kashi Vishwanath Temple

• Location: The temple is situated in the heart of Varanasi, near the Dashashwamedh Ghat, along the western bank of the River Ganges.
• Significance: Kashi Vishwanath Temple holds immense religious importance for Hindus. It is believed that a visit to this temple and a dip in the holy Ganges leads to moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death). The temple is also known as the “Golden Temple” due to its golden spire.
• Architecture: The temple complex consists of a series of smaller shrines and the main sanctum, where the Jyotirlinga is enshrined. The spire and dome of the temple are coated in gold, a gift from Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the 19th century.

Best Time to Visit

• Timing: The temple is open throughout the year. The best time to visit is during the early morning hours for the Mangala Aarti or late evening for the Shayana Aarti. Visiting during these times allows you to experience the temple’s rituals and avoid the peak crowds.
• Festivals: Visiting during major festivals like Maha Shivaratri, Shravan Maas (the holy month of Shiva), and Dev Deepawali can be a special experience, but be prepared for large crowds.

Rituals and Ceremonies

• Aarti Timings:
  • Mangala Aarti (Early Morning): The first Aarti of the day, performed around 3:00 AM. Attending this Aarti is considered highly auspicious.
  • Bhog Aarti (Midday): Performed around noon, where offerings of food are made to the deity.
  • Sandhya Aarti (Evening): Held around sunset, this Aarti is a beautiful ritual to witness.
  • Shayana Aarti (Night): The final Aarti of the day, performed around 10:30 PM, marking the conclusion of the day’s rituals.
• Darshan: Pilgrims queue up for a glimpse (darshan) of the Jyotirlinga. During peak hours, the queue can be long, but the temple offers special passes for a quicker darshan.
• Abhishekam: Devotees can perform or witness the Abhishekam (ritual bathing) of the Shiva Linga with milk, honey, ghee, and water. This ritual is an important part of worship in the temple.

Important Shrines Within the Temple Complex

• Vishwanath Jyotirlinga: The main shrine houses the Jyotirlinga, the principal deity of the temple. Devotees offer flowers, bilva leaves, and other sacred items to the deity.
• Maa Annapurna Temple: Located within the same complex, this temple is dedicated to Goddess Annapurna, the goddess of food and nourishment. Pilgrims often visit this shrine after paying homage to Lord Vishwanath.
• Vishalakshi Temple: Another important shrine within the complex is dedicated to Goddess Vishalakshi, an incarnation of Goddess Parvati.

Preparation for Your Visit

• Dress Code: Modest clothing is recommended, and traditional Indian attire is preferred. Men are often required to remove their shirts when entering the sanctum, especially during rituals.
• Security Checks: The temple has tight security, and there are several checkpoints before entering the complex. Electronic devices, including mobile phones and cameras, are not allowed inside the temple premises. Lockers are available for storing personal belongings.
• Offerings: You can purchase offerings such as flowers, incense, and sweets from the shops outside the temple. These are used during your visit to the temple for making offerings to the deity.
• Pandas and Priests: It’s common to be approached by pandas (temple priests) offering to assist you with rituals. While they can be helpful, it’s advisable to clarify the charges beforehand to avoid misunderstandings.

Tips for a Smooth Visit

• Early Arrival: To avoid long queues and crowds, it’s best to arrive early in the morning, especially during weekdays.
• Guided Tours: If it’s your first time visiting, consider hiring a guide to help navigate the rituals and the temple complex. Guides are knowledgeable about the history and significance of the temple.
• Respecting Rituals: The temple is a deeply spiritual place, so it’s important to be respectful of the ongoing rituals and the sanctity of the surroundings.

Spiritual Experience

Visiting the Kashi Vishwanath Temple is more than just a pilgrimage; it’s an immersion into the spiritual energy of Varanasi. The chants, the scent of incense, the sight of devotees deeply engrossed in prayer, and the presence of the ancient Jyotirlinga all contribute to a powerful spiritual experience that leaves a lasting impression.

5. Explore the Narrow Lanes of the Old City

Exploring the narrow lanes of the old city of Varanasi is like stepping back in time, where every corner holds stories of ancient traditions, culture, and daily life. The labyrinthine alleys, locally known as “galis,” are a key part of Varanasi’s charm and offer a glimpse into the city’s soul. Here’s what to expect and how to make the most of your exploration:

Introduction to the Old City Lanes

• Layout and Atmosphere: The old city of Varanasi is a maze of narrow, winding lanes, some of which are too narrow for vehicles. These lanes are lined with ancient temples, bustling markets, traditional homes, and local eateries. The atmosphere is vibrant, with a mix of religious chants, the aroma of incense, and the hustle and bustle of daily life.
• Cultural Significance: The lanes are not just pathways but are steeped in history and spirituality. They lead to various ghats along the Ganges and are home to several important temples, shrines, and cultural landmarks.

Key Areas to Explore

1. Vishwanath Gali
   • Overview: One of the most famous lanes in Varanasi, Vishwanath Gali leads to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. It’s a bustling market street filled with shops selling religious items, souvenirs, sweets, and more.
   • Experience: Stroll through the lane to experience the vibrant market life. You can shop for items like Rudraksha beads, brass idols, silk scarves, and traditional sweets like peda and jalebi. The energy in this lane is palpable, especially during religious festivals.
   • Culinary Delights: Don’t miss trying local snacks and sweets from the numerous stalls. Kachori sabzi (spicy lentil-filled pastries with curry) and lassi (a yogurt-based drink) are popular choices.
2. Thatheri Bazaar
   • Overview: This lane is known for its brassware and metalcraft. Artisans in this area have been practicing their craft for generations, making traditional brass utensils, lamps, and decorative items.
   • Experience: Visit the shops and workshops to see the artisans at work. You can buy handcrafted brass items as souvenirs or gifts. The lane also gives insight into the traditional craftsmanship that has been passed down through centuries.
   • Heritage Walks: Many heritage walks in Varanasi include a visit to Thatheri Bazaar, where guides explain the history and significance of the metalcraft industry in the city.
3. Bengali Tola
   • Overview: This area is historically associated with the Bengali community in Varanasi. It’s known for its old houses, temples, and cultural institutions related to Bengali traditions.
   • Experience: Explore the small temples dedicated to Kali and Durga, and visit local bookstores that sell Bengali literature. The lane also has a few guesthouses that cater to Bengali pilgrims.
   • Cultural Immersion: If you’re interested in Bengali culture, this lane offers a unique blend of Varanasi’s spiritual heritage with Bengali religious and cultural practices.
4. Kachori Gali
   • Overview: As the name suggests, Kachori Gali is famous for its food, particularly the kachori. This lane is a food lover’s paradise, with small eateries serving delicious local snacks.
   • Experience: Indulge in the local delicacies like kachori, aloo puri (potato curry with fried bread), and a variety of sweets. The eateries are often small and crowded, giving an authentic feel of the city’s culinary culture.
   • Street Food Adventure: This lane is perfect for a food tour where you can sample different traditional dishes. It’s best to visit during the morning when the food is freshly prepared.
5. Chowk Area
   • Overview: The Chowk area is a bustling marketplace and a cultural hub in the old city. It’s known for its traditional silk shops, particularly the famous Banarasi silk sarees.
   • Experience: Wander through the lanes, where you’ll find weavers and artisans showcasing their beautiful silk sarees and textiles. This area is perfect for shopping for authentic Banarasi silk, known for its intricate designs and craftsmanship.
   • Cultural Heritage: The Chowk area also houses several old Havelis (traditional Indian mansions) and temples, offering a glimpse into the architectural heritage of Varanasi.
6. Gyaanvapi Area
   • Overview: Located near the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, this area is one of the oldest parts of Varanasi. The lanes here are narrow and winding, leading to ancient shrines and hidden temples.
   • Experience: Explore the hidden corners of this area to discover small temples dedicated to various deities, each with its own unique story and significance. The area is also home to the Gyaanvapi Mosque, adding a layer of historical and cultural complexity to the neighborhood.
   • Spiritual Exploration: This area is perfect for those interested in the spiritual and religious history of Varanasi. The lanes often have a mystical feel, with the sound of temple bells and the scent of incense in the air.

What to Expect

• Bustling Crowds: The narrow lanes can get crowded, especially during religious festivals or peak tourist seasons. Be prepared to navigate through throngs of people, cows, and occasionally, monkeys!
• Authentic Local Life: The lanes are where you’ll see the true essence of Varanasi—local people going about their daily routines, shopkeepers selling traditional goods, and pilgrims performing rituals.
• Spiritual Atmosphere: Despite the hustle and bustle, there’s a pervasive sense of spirituality in these lanes. Temples, shrines, and religious symbols are everywhere, creating an environment that’s both lively and sacred.

Tips for Exploring the Lanes

• Footwear: Wear comfortable walking shoes, as the lanes are narrow, and you’ll be doing a lot of walking. Avoid open-toed shoes, as the lanes can be muddy or dirty.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, especially when visiting temples or religious sites.
• Stay Hydrated: Carry water with you, as the exploration can be tiring, especially in the heat.
• Engage with Locals: Don’t hesitate to strike up a conversation with shopkeepers or locals. They often have fascinating stories and can provide insights into the city’s history and culture.
• Hire a Guide: Consider hiring a local guide who knows the lanes well. They can help you navigate the maze-like streets and ensure you don’t miss any hidden gems.

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